Kritika Rehani

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors   are a type of neoplasm that affects synovial-lined tendon sheaths, synovial joints, and surrounding soft tissue. Locally aggressive benign tissue lesions are defined by synovial lining inflammation in joints and tendons. Overexpression of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor is thought to cause these tumors to form. Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (GCTTS), pigmented villonodular tumors (PVNTS), extra-articular pigmented villonodular tumors of the tendon sheath, and localized or focal nodular synovitis are all terms used to describe TSGCTs. Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors Causes Translocation is an alteration to a chromosome that causes Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors. A chromosome segment breaks off and moves around. The cause of these translocations is unknown. The genetic code for making proteins is stored on chromosomes. A protein termed colony-stimulating factor 1 is produced in excess due to the translocation (CSF1). This protein attracts

Smoking Cessation   is a process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and quitting smoking is the most effective way to slow down the progression of the disease. Tobacco use can potentially lead to tobacco or nicotine addiction, as well as significant health consequences, according to the CDC. It has the potential to significantly lower the risk of smoking-related diseases. Nicotine is addictive, but no effective medications or behavioral therapies are available to help people overcome it. Counseling, nicotine replacement, and bupropion have all been shown to aid in smoking cessation in several studies. Smoking Cessation Sign and Symptoms The most significant barrier to quitting smoking is nicotine addiction. Smokers who try to stop often experience cravings for cigarettes, mood swings, insomnia, constipation, increased hunger, anxiety, and other nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Tobacco quitting lowers the chanc

  Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva   is a disorder in which the skeleton, muscles, and connective tissues, such as tendons and ligaments, are replaced by bone (ossified). This position was to lead to the formation of the bones of the skeleton (extra-skeletal or heterotopic bone) that constrains movement. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Causes Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is called a mutation in the ACVR1 gene. This gene is involved in bone growth and development. Mutations, and the possibility of a disorderly development. The gene can be inherited from a parent, but in most cases, the, is a new mutation, a person with a less-than-a family history of the disease. As a parent, they have a 50% chance of passing it on to their children. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Sign and Symptoms The  Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva  symptoms begin in the first decade of life with episodes of painful inflammatory soft tissue swellings. Gradually, there occurs restricti

  Retinal Detachment Disorder   defines a condition wherein a thin layer of tissue (retina) at the back of the eye pulls far away from its ordinary position. Retinal Detachment Disorder separates the retinal cells from the layer of blood vessels that provides oxygen and nourishment. The longer Retinal Detachment Disorder goes untreated, the greater your risk of permanent vision loss inside the affected eye. Retinal Detachment Disorder Causes There are many causes of Retinal Detachment Disorder, but the most common causes are growing old or eye injury. There are three types of Retinal Detachment Disorder such as rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative. Each type happens due to a one-of-a-kind problem that causes your retina to move away from the back of your eye. Retinal Detachment Disorder Signs and Symptoms Retinal detachment disorder itself is painless. However, caution signs nearly seem before it occurs or has advanced, such as the sudden occurrence of many floaters — specks that

  Functional dyspepsia   is a term for recurring signs and symptoms of indigestion that have no apparent cause. Functional dyspepsia is also called non-ulcer stomach pain or non-ulcer dyspepsia. It's not clear what causes functional dyspepsia. Doctors consider it a functional disorder, which means that routine testing may not show any abnormalities. Hence, it is diagnosed based on symptoms. Functional Dyspepsia Signs and Symptoms  Functional dyspepsia is common and can be long-lasting — although signs and symptoms are mostly intermittent. These signs and symptoms resemble those of an ulcer, discomfort in your upper abdomen, often accompanied by bloating, belching, and nausea, An early feeling of fullness (satiety) when eating, Pain in the stomach that may sometimes occur unrelated to meals, or maybe relieved with meals. Functional Dyspepsia Epidemiology According to an article by Madisch et al. (2018), Functional Dyspepsia is one of the common functional disorders, with a prevalenc

  Chronic Venous Insufficiency   refers to lower extremity edema, skin trophic changes, and discomfort secondary to venous hypertension. Chronic venous insufficiency pathophysiology is either due to reflux or obstruction of venous blood flow. Chronic venous insufficiency can develop from the protracted valvular inadequacy of superficial veins, deep veins, or perforating veins that combine them.  Chronic Venous Insufficiency Signs and Symptoms The most common  Chronic Venous Insufficiency symptoms  are tight feeling in calves, painful legs, swelling in legs or ankles, painful leg cramps or muscle spasms, skin changes, varicose veins, leg ulcers, etc. Chronic Venous Insufficiency Epidemiology Chronic venous ulcers are painful and debilitating. Nearly 60% develop phlebitis, which often progresses to deep vein thrombosis in more than 50% of patients. The venous insufficiency can also lead to acute hemorrhage. Surgery for Chronic venous insufficiency remains inadequate despite the availabil