Which Parkinson’s Disease treatments are approved for patients?
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| Parkinson's Disease Market |
Parkinson’s
Disease is a debilitating disease that is caused by degeneration of nerve cells
in the brain known as the substantia nigra that controls movement.
The
present Parkinson’s disease treatment options that are given to the patients
include medication, complementary and supportive therapies (such as diet,
exercise, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy), and
surgery. The approved medication therapies are categorized into seven groups
that include Levodopa, Carbidopa-levodopa infusion (Duodopa), Dopamine agonists
(Mirapex, Requip, Neupro), MAO B inhibitors (Zelapar, Azilect, Xadago),
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors (Tasmar, Comtan), Anticholinergics
(Cogentin, Artane), and Amantadine.
The
treatment with monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, amantadine (Symmetrel),
or anticholinergics may modestly improve mild symptoms; however, most patients
need levodopa or a dopamine agonist. The most frequently prescribed combination
drugs are carbidopa/levodopa (cocareldopa [sinemet, pharmacopa, atamet]) and
benserazide/levodopa (co-beneldopa [Madopar]). More recently, continuous
intestinal infusion of levodopa gel (Duodopa [AbbVie Limited]) has shown to be
effective in terms of decreasing severe motor fluctuations when compared to
oral levodopa. However, this treatment is currently prohibitively expensive for
widespread use. Levodopa with a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor is usually a
first-line
Parkinson’s
disease treatment option.
For
patients with advanced Parkinson’s Disease, most surgeries are preferred. Most
of the Parkinson’s disease treatments are aimed at helping the tremor or
rigidity that comes with the Disease.
Several
approved therapies drive the current Parkinson’s Disease therapeutic landscape
in the US. The available Parkinson’s Disease therapeutics options aim to offer
significant symptomatic relief of the motor and non-motor symptoms.
There
are many pharmaceutical and biotech companies like Prevail Therapeutics,
Axovant Gene Therapies, Neurocrine Biosciences/Voyager Therapeutics, Denali
Therapeutics that are researching new therapies to target other aspects of
pathology, namely genetic mutations, and Lewy bodies (a hallmark feature of
Parkinson’s Disease).
Of Parkinson’s Disease emerging therapies, the
most anticipated product to get launched is VY-ADCC (Voyager Therapeutics).
Apart from this, other products include Istradefylline (Kyowa Kirin), Opicapone
(Neurocrine Biosciences), P2B001 (Pharma Two B Ltd), LY03003 (Luye Pharma),
ABBV-951 (AbbVie), APL-130277 (Sunovion Pharma), Accordion Pill (Intec Pharma).
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