Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Market And Industry Analysis, 2030

DelveInsight's "Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast-2030" report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Market

The Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) market report provides current treatment practices, emerging drugs, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) market share of the individual therapies, current and forecasted Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) market Size from 2017 to 2030 segmented by seven major markets. The Report also covers current Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) treatment practice/algorithm, market drivers, market barriers and unmet medical needs to curate best of the opportunities and assesses the underlying potential of the market.

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Overview of the report

AKI is characterized by a rapid fall in glomerular filtration rate, clinically manifest as an abrupt and sustained rise in urea and creatinine. Life-threatening consequences include volume overload, hyperkalaemia, and metabolic acidosis. As per the American Kidney Foundation organization, AKI was formerly called Acute Kidney Injury. The disease leads to an abrupt loss of kidney function, leading to the retention of waste products, electrolyte disturbances, and volume status changes.

Acute Kidney Injury is classified into three different phases including prerenal, postrenal and intrinsic renal. Pre-renal ARI is characterized by the inadequate blood circulation to the kidneys, which leaves them to clean the body properly. Post-renal is characterized by acute obstruction to urinary flow which increases intratubular pressure and decreases GFR. Intrinsic AKI is the third type, which shows direct damage to kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, and infections. The risk factors associated with AKI include age, exposure to nephrotoxins, family history, race and ethnicity, gender and others.

The DelveInsight Acute Kidney Injury market report gives the thorough understanding of the AKI by including details such as disease introduction, signs and symptoms, types of AKI, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, stages of classification, biomarkers and diagnosis. It also provides treatment algorithms and treatment guidelines for AKI in the US, Europe, and Japan.

Scope for treatment and diagnosis for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Diagnosis 

The diagnosis of AKI is traditionally based on a rise in serum creatinine and/or fall in urine output. The definition has evolved from the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage (RIFLE) criteria in 2004 to the AKI Network (AKIN) classification in 2007. In 2012, both were merged resulting in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification. Accordingly, AKI is diagnosed if serum creatinine increases by 0.3 mg/dl (26.5 μmol/l) or more in 48 h or rises to at least 1.5-fold from baseline within 7 days. AKI stages are defined by the maximum change of either serum creatinine or urine output. The importance of both criteria was confirmed in a recent study in >32,000 critically ill patients which showed that short- and long-term risk of death or renal replacement therapy (RRT) were greatest when patients met both criteria for AKI and when these abnormalities persisted for longer than 3 days.

For diagnosing the disease, a patient history and physical examination are very crucial. The history should identify the use of nephrotoxic medications or systemic illnesses that might cause poor renal perfusion or directly impair renal function. Physical examination should assess intravascular volume status and any skin rashes indicative of systemic illness. The initial laboratory evaluation should include urinalysis, complete blood count, and measurement of serum creatinine level and fractional excretion of sodium. There are some tests which are generally used to diagnose the disease.

Treatment 

Management and treatment landscape of acute kidney injury involves fluid resuscitation, avoidance of nephrotoxic medications and contrast media exposure, and correction of electrolyte imbalances. Renal replacement therapy (dialysis) is indicated for refractory hyperkalemia; volume overload; intractable acidosis; uremic encephalopathy, pericarditis, or pleuritis; and removal of certain toxins. Recognition of risk factors (e.g., older age, sepsis, hypovolemia/shock, cardiac surgery, infusion of contrast agents, diabetes mellitus, preexisting chronic kidney disease, cardiac failure, liver failure) is important. Team-based approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and aggressive management are critical for improving outcomes.

Supportive therapies (e.g., antibiotics, maintenance of adequate nutrition, mechanical ventilation, glycemic control, anaemia management) should be pursued based on standard management practices. In patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, treatment with pulse steroids, cytotoxic therapy, or a combination may be considered, often after confirmation of the diagnosis by kidney biopsy.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Epidemiology

·         The total incident population of Acute Kidney Injury in the seven major markets was found to be 1,525,519 in 2017. In the United States the incident population of Acute Kidney Injury was 895,078 in 2017, which is expected to increase in the forecast period (2020–2030).

·         DelveInsight also estimates higher Diagnosed Discharge Cases of AKI in the United States with 532,830 diagnosed discharge cases found in 2017.

·         According to KIDGO staging; stage II AKI corresponds to the relatively higher diagnosed discharge population with 223,789 cases in 2017 in the United States.

Acute Kidney Injury Market Outlook

Acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute renal failure (AKI) is a condition characterized by minor or complete loss of kidney function due to a sudden injury to kidneys. AKI is different from chronic kidney disease, wherein the kidney function is lost over a period of time. The disease generally occurs as a complication of another serious disease and is more common in the geriatric population that suffers from various other diseases.

The global burden of acute kidney injury has increased over the years. Among the 7 major markets, the United States has reported having maximum incident cases of AKI. Though the incident of AKI is high across the US, but the condition is often undiagnosed, ultimately leading to lower treatable pool (when compared to the total incident population of the disease) that contributes to the market size of AKI.

Currently there are no targeted pharmacotherapies approved for the treatment of AKI. At present, the therapeutic market size of acute kidney injury in the United States is mainly accounted by use of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) and off-label drugs which includes various classes such as ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II-Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Diuretics and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).

The AKI market outlook of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of the historic, current and forecasted AKI market trends by analyzing the impact of current therapies on the market, unmet needs, drivers and barriers, and demand of better technology.

Acute Kidney Injury Pipeline Analysis

Acute Kidney Injury Pipeline products such as ANG-3777 (BB3; Angion Biomedica), QPI1002 (Quark Pharmaceutical), ASP1128 (Astellas Pharma), MB-102 (MediBeacon), Ruconest (Conestat alfa; PharmingTechnologies), recAP (AM Pharma), bRESCAP (Alloksys), Reltecimod (Atox Bio), EA-230 (Exponential Biotherapies) and Simdax (Levosimendan; Orion Pharma) are anticipated to bring shift Acute kidney injury market positively.

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